Archaeological Survey of the Poole Museum Complex

30 December 2024

Whilst the Poole Museum complex has been undergoing a complete overhaul, an archaeological survey has been under way.

In May 2024, Lorenda Elliott interviewed the lead archaeologist, Peter Bellamy, for the Poole Oral History project. He gave an insight into what had been discovered so far, outlining challenges in interpreting initial findings, some of which (in Scaplen’s Court) had been aided by consulting an unpublished source. Looking towards the reopening of Scaplen’s Court, he offered thoughts on how its complex story could capture the interest of visitors.

Peter Bellamy has been a professional archaeologist for many years and currently works for Terrain Archaeology, Dorchester. Terrain mostly undertakes archaeological surveys and investigations in and around Dorset, including in the Poole area. It is most often commissioned as part of the planning process, when the heritage of a site needs to be investigated and recorded for posterity.

After conducting a desktop archaeological survey to inform the redevelopment process for the Museum’s developers, he was commissioned to undertake a number of small digs within the site.

As there have been earlier archaeological digs here, few new finds of interest had been found below ground. Other elements of the buildings had sometimes become his focus instead.

Peter Bellamy 2024 Scaplen's Court Garden, Poole Museum

The Wool Hall/Town Cellars

When its floor had been lowered to create the former Poole Maritime Museum in 1975, an archaeological dig had been conducted. Now it had been raised to its former levels, with ducting space for cabling etc for the new air conditioning systems being fitted within the Museum.

In isolated areas of the stone walls some animal bones and broken bottles had been discovered, provisionally dated to the late eighteenth or early nineteenth century. It was thought likely these were the remains of workmen’s lunches.

Oakley Mill

Test pits had revealed earlier floors, but few new finds of interest again. However, one of the foyer walls had been constructed upon traces of the wall of an earlier Medieval building. That part of Oakley Mill may have been built upon the former’s footprint.

A little below the pit, Greendale Construction (the main contractors for the renovations), had excavated for the new enlarged lift, a thin layer of soil had been uncovered, just above natural sands forming the original beach. This was puzzling because late Medieval oyster shell middens, up to a metre deep, had been discovered in most other excavations in this area of Old Poole.

Scaplen’s Court

Here the investigation had focused more upon features within the building than elsewhere within the complex, such as the position and style of later windows and doors (etc), and any associated disturbance to the walls.

He was cross-referencing finds and features with Ian Horsey’s archive of his unpublished archaeological dig undertaken in 1985. (Horsey had been appointed the Borough of Poole’s Archaeological Officer in 1976. The dig hadn’t been published due to his sudden death in 1988.)

The building’s complicated history and the Horsey archive made for a more challenging but more professionally rewarding project. The process, he said, was very like completing a jigsaw puzzle, matching observations and finds with Horsey’s archive, and with other written (and photographic) sources.

Most of the floors had been a mixture of stone flags and brick, laid between the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Another complication was that the interior had been much changed, with brick-partitions creating three or four rooms on the ground floor.

In the upper layers of test pits, the usual detritus had been uncovered, some of it a little earlier than the late eighteenth century. There were very few Medieval pottery finds. A series of dark soils further down, often with oyster shells mixed into the soil, reflected that centuries earlier many buildings around here had been built upon oyster shell middens, as mentioned above. The land here had been reworked in the eighteenth century.

Below the parlour floor they had uncovered evidence of a small stone-lined pit and a layer of coal dust above a clay floor, indicating an unknown industrial use.

Inspecting floor in Scaplen's Court, Poole Museum
Scullery floor, Scaplen's Court
Discovered steps from courtyard door to scullery, Scaplen's Court

Interpreting the Story of Scaplen’s Court for Visitors

Telling the story of Scaplen’s Court could be a challenge, Peter thought, due the complexities arising from its changes of layout and use.

He felt that focusing on a few strands of its story, simplifying an otherwise complex mix of archaeological evidence and social history, could be a solution. Combining this with plans and photos could well capture the essence of its rich heritage making for an interesting visit.

© Kit Pearce (Poole Museum Volunteer).